Glossary

// Each person in the class must post at least // **__// three items //__** // to this glossary .//
 * Glossary - for Multimedia Literacy class Spring 2010**

Define the following terms, tools, and/or people. Include your name and the source of your information//.// As you encounter new words, terms, applications, and acronyms in your readings and coursework, add them to this list. Please keep the list alphabetized properly.

- alternative reality learning -**Parallel universe** or **alternative reality** is a self-contained separate reality coexisting with one's own. A specific group of parallel universes is called a //[|multiverse]//, although this term can also be used to describe the possible parallel universes that constitute physical [|reality]. While the terms "parallel universe" and "alternative reality" are generally synonymous and can be used interchangeably in most cases, there is sometimes an additional connotation implied with the term "alternative reality" that implies that the reality is a variant of our own. The term "parallel universe" is more general, without any connotations implying a relationship, or lack of relationship, with our own universe. A universe where the very laws of nature are different – for example, one in which there are no relativistic limitations and the speed of light can be exceeded – would in general count as a parallel universe but not an alternative reality. The correct [|quantum mechanical] definition of parallel universes is "universes that are separated from each other by a single quantum event." []) (Jennifer Cicchini)

-anchor- A way to link to different parts of the same webpage.(Victor James)

- ASP -

- asynchronous communication - The most significant aspect of asynchronous communications is variable bit rate, or that the transmitter and receiver [|clock generators] do not have to be exactly synchronized. Wikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_communication (t. McLean)

- augmented reality gaming - With the help of advanced AR technology (e.g. adding [|computer vision] and [|object recognition]) the information about the surrounding real world of the user becomes [|interactive] and digitally usable. Like on an I pod.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality (T. Mclean)

- AUP - Acceptable Use Policy - policy used by businesses/companies outlining what is acceptable use of Internet while using the company network. ** (Loretta Apodaca) **

- avatar -// An **avatar** is a computer user's representation of himself/herself or alter ego[//[|citation needed]//], whether in the form of a three-dimensional model used in computer games,[|[1]] a two-dimensional [|icon] (picture) or a one-dimensional username used on [|Internet forums] and other communities,[|[2]][|[3]] or a text construct found on early systems such as [|MUDs]. It is an object representing the user. The term "avatar" can also refer to the personality connected with the [|screen name], or handle, of an Internet user.[|[4]] This sense of the word was coined by [|Neal Stephenson][|[5]] in 1992's //[|Snow Crash]// who co-opted it from the Sanskrit word //[|avatāra]// which is a concept similar to that of [|incarnation]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar_%28computing%29 (Jennifer Cicchini)

//- blended learning -

- Bonk, Curtis - Ideally the process is informed by pedagogically and andragogically (adult learning) tested theories of learning and may take place in student-only, teacher-led or community-based settings. Relies on an intervention to make instruction effective. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructional_design (T. McLean)

- Boolean search -//Boolean searches allow you to combine words and phrases using the words AND, OR, NOT and NEAR (otherwise known as Boolean operators) to limit, widen, or define your search. Most Internet search engines and Web directories default to these Boolean search parameters anyway, but a good Web searcher should know how to use basic Boolean operators. (Amber Ward)http://websearch.about.com/od/2/g/boolean.htm

//- Buckingham, David -

- captcha - A CAPTCHA is a program that protects websites against bots by generating and grading tests that humans can pass but current computer programs cannot. Humans can read distorted text, but current computer programs cannot. http://www.captcha.net/ (Stephanie Raab-Faber 2/15/10)

- CBAM -//

- Chumby - **is an [|ambient] [|consumer electronics] product made by** **Chumby Industries, Inc.. It is an [|embedded computer] which provides [|Internet] and [|LAN][|Wi-Fi] connection. Through this connection, the Chumby runs various software [|widgets.]** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/**Chumby** (Jennifer Cabral) //- CIPA -

- client (thin client / thick client) -

- cloud computing -//- Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. These services are broadly divided into three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service ([|IaaS]), Platform-as-a-Service ([|PaaS)] and Software-as-a-Service ([|SaaS]). The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that's often used to represent the Internet in [|flowchart]s and diagrams. (Amber Ward) []

//- CODEC -

- Creative Commons - This is a website that has copyright free photos, videos, and music which you can use as long as your project is not for profit.// [|//http://creativecommons.org///] //(Valerie Killpack 2/27/10)

- crowdsourcing -

-cross-browser

-cyberspace-// According to Merriam-Webster cyberspace is the online world of computer networks and especially the internet. Other sites like wikipedia and dictionary.com add to the definition global domain of electro-magnetic networks. (Lacy Anderson

//- deep web -The **deep Web** refers to// [|//World Wide Web//] //content that is not part of the// [|//surface Web//]//, which is// [|//indexed//] //by standard// [|//search engines//]//. (//[|//http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_web//]//) (Ashley Iacobelli 2-22-10)

- digital citizenship - Participation in society through the use of Information Technology (IT) such as the internet, cell phones, social networking sites, web 2.0 tools, etc. To qualify, a person must be able to communicate and interact through these tools, and in turn, follow the customs and regulations associated with them. As more information is converted to IT, it is important for people to become digital citizens because more information is available only through these tools. A digital divide has occurred between those who are digital citizens, and those who are not. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_citizen) (Dorothy Sando)

- digital compression -

- digital immigrant - Someone who was NOT born in the technology world. Some traits of digital immigrants are going to the internet secondly for information rather than first, or printing out your e-mail. (//[|//http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf//]//) (Ashley Iacobelli 2-22-10)

- digital native - A **digital native** is a person for whom digital technologies already existed when they were born, and hence has grown up with// [|//digital//] //technology such as// [|//computers//]//, the// [|//Internet//]//,// [|//mobile phones//] //and// [|//MP3s//]//. (//[|//http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_native//]//) (Ashley Iacobelli 2-22-10)

- Discourse / discourse (Gee) -

- distance learning - Access to education for people who are not physically in the same place. It utilizes technology to transmit knowledge and facilitate the learning process. This method is most popular in universities where students can take courses and participate in the classroom without having to commute to the school. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_education) (Dorothy Sando)

- DOPA -

-direct digital marketing

- e-learning -

- Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) -

- electronic portfolio -// According to [|electronicportfolios.com/] electronic portfolios are portfolios that use electronic technologies, which allow the portfolio developer to collect and organize portfolio artifacts in many media types (audio, video, graphics, text). (Lacy Anderson)

//- epistemology - Nature or grounds of knowledge. (//[|//http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epistemology//]//) More simply, beliefs about knowledge and ways of knowing things. Lindsay Campbell 2/16/2010

- fair use -

- fallacy -// A fallacy is a a false or mistaken idea or an argument that could be possible but uses an invalid inference (Merriam-webster.com). (Lacy Anderson)

//- FERPA -

- Flash -

- flat classroom -

- Flickr - This is a web 2.0 tool worth checking out. You can view pictures from all around the world and discuss them in a forum by forming a group. You can also upload photos and edit them free here.Take a// [|//tour//]//. This is where you can sign up for Flickr for free// [|//http://www.flickr.com///] //(Valerie Killpack 2/27/10)

- folksonomy - Blend of "taxonomy" and "fol" by Thomas Vander Wal. This is a social project where users mark and share websites with people who share similar interests. Examples of folksonomies are Delicious and Flickr. Article// Playing Tag is Good for You //by Mary Ann Bell. Lindsay Campbell 2/16/2010

- FOSS -

- G3 network -

- geotagging - It is marking a video, photo or other media with a location. This can not only help people find images and information based on a location, but it can also be used to create location-based news and media feeds by combining an application like Google Maps with geotagged blogs, news articles, etc. (http://webtrends.about.com. Jennifer Cabral)

- GIS - Google Image Search (victor James urbandictionary.com)

- GNU -

- Hobbs, Renee -

- Horizon Project -

- hybrid cloud -

-hyper text- is text displayed on a [|computer] or other electronic device with references ([|hyperlinks]) to other text that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence. Apart from running text, hypertext may contain tables, images and other presentational devices. Hypertext is the underlying concept defining the structure of the [|World Wide Web], making it an easy-to-use and flexible format to share information over the [|Internet].[|[1]] [] (Amber Ward)

- ICT -

- information literacy -

- information overload -

- Internet addiction -// In a true addiction, a person becomes compulsively dependent upon a particular kind of stimulation to the point where obtaining a steady supply of that stimulation becomes the sole and central focus of their lives. http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/center_index.php?id=66. (Jennifer Cabral)

//- ISTE - International Society for Technology in Education. This is an organization for anyone, typically educators, that want to advance and improve the use of technology in classrooms. ([]) Lindsay Campbell 2/16/2010

- Java script - is a programming language that is used in the construction of webpages. These files interact with the HTML code to enhance the use and functionality of websites. Examples of this are pop-up windows, image galleries or complex navigation. (jpr-02.15.10)

- Kellner, Douglas -

- Ken Burns effect -

-Link- an icon or group of words that joins two webpages together (victor James)

- Lawrence Lessig -// Lawrence Lessig is the director of the Edmond J. Safra Foundation Center for Ethics, and a Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. Prior to returning to Harvard, he was a professor at Stanford Law School, where he founded the school's Center for Internet and Society, and at the University of Chicago. He clerked for Judge Richard Posner on the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals and Justice Antonin Scalia on the United States Supreme Court. He is the author of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Remix  (2008), <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Code v2 (2007), <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Free Culture  (2004), <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">The Future of Ideas (2001) and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 1pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;">Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace  (1999). He is on the board of Creative Commons, MAPLight, Brave New Film Foundation, Change Congress, The American Academy, Berlin, Freedom House and iCommons.org, and the advisory board of the Sunlight Foundation. Professor Lessig earned a BA in economics and a BS in management from the University of Pennsylvania, an MA in philosophy from Cambridge, and a JD from Yale. []  Here is a video of one of his talks. [] (Monica Braine)

- MMORPG -

- machinima -

- Marshall McLuhan - He was one of the most prolific and famous media scholars in North America. His book Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man is his most popular work and where his popular phrase “the medium is the message” comes from. In his biography, Terrence Gordon says this about the book // “ // Understanding Media, first published in 1964, focuses on the media effects that permeate society and culture, but McLuhan’s starting point is always the individual, because he defines media as technological extensions of the body. As a result, McLuhan often puts his inquiry and his conclusions in terms of the ratio between the physical senses (the extent to which we depend on them relative to each other) and the consequences of modifications to that ratio. This invariably entails a psychological dimension. Thus, the invention of the alphabet and the resulting intensification of the visual sense in the communication process gave sight priority over hearing, but the effect was so powerful that it went beyond communication through language to reshape literate society’s conception and use of space. ” [] You can view his CV here [] and to see a very funny clip from Annie Hall that Marshall McLuhan was in, click here [] (Monica Braine)

- malware - **Malware**, short for malicious software//, is// [|//software//] //designed to infiltrate a computer system without the owner's// [|//informed consent//]//. Malware includes// [|//computer viruses//]//,// [|//worms//]//,// [|//trojan horses//]//, most// [|//rootkits//]//,// [|//spyware//]//, dishonest// [|//adware//]//,// [|//crimeware//] //and other malicious and unwanted software. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware (Stephanie Raab-Faber 2/15/10)

- mash-up -

- media literacy - A variety// of competences that enable people to analyse, evaluate and create messages in a wide variety of media modes, genres and forms. ** (Loretta Apodaca) **

//- microblogging - **Microblogging** is a form of [|blogging]. A microblog differs from a traditional blog in that its content is typically much smaller, in both actual size and aggregate file size. A microblog entry could consist of nothing but a short sentence fragment, or an image or embedded video. Darryl Bryant

- Millennials - **Generation Y**, also known as the **Millennial Generation** or **Generation Next** or **Net Generation**,[|[]describes the demographic [|cohort] following [|Generation X]. Its members are often referred to as **Millennials**or **Echo Boomers**. As there are no precise dates for when the Millennial generation starts and ends, commentators have used birth dates ranging somewhere from the mid [|1970s][|[]to the early [|2000s].This generation generally represents an increase in births from the 1960s and 70s, not because of a significant increase in birthrates, but because the large cohort of baby boomers began to have children. The 20th century trend toward smaller families in developed countries continued, however, so the relative impact of the "baby boom echo" was generally less pronounced than the original boom. // Characteristics of the generation vary by region, depending on social and economic conditions. However, it is generally marked by an increased use and familiarity with communications, media, and digital technologies. Darryl Bryant

- mobile learning - //- Moodle -

- multilieracies -

- MUVE -

- NAMLE -

- NETS - National Educational Technology Standards -- this is an ISTE initiative that sets standards and performance indicators in regard to technology use in the classroom.// [|//http://www.iste.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=NETS//] // **(Loretta Apodaca)**

- new - Ning -http://www.iste.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=NETS

- OER -

- OOPS -

- open access -

- OpenOffice.org -

- open source - Open source software is actual software that is not bound by copyright or licensure. In other words multiple individuals are able to alter software by altering the source code. A user such as a teacher is able to alter available software to meet the needs of their classroom and instruction. They are also able to share software, information and therefore knowledge with other instructors. It is more accessible than closed source software because it is community oriented. Closed source or copyrighted software is proprietary and requires both payment and thus licensure. (collaborative john paul rangel, Terese Baca-Radler, Jennifer Cicchini, Lindsey Campbell 3/1/2010)

- PBL -

- piracy -

- peer to peer -

- phishing - The criminal act of gaining access to personal information (passwords, credit cards) through fake emails or websites posing to be authentic. They ask for personal information pertaining to a bank account or identity, and because of this, it is difficult to determine its fallacy. Today, social networking sites are the most likely places to suffer from this, and users are at risk for identity theft. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phishing) (Dorothy Sando)

- petaflop -

- pixel -

- PLN -

- private cloud -

- propaganda -

- Read/Write web -

- remix -

- reusable learning objects -

- RIA -

- RL - Real Life. Term used to describe life in the real world. It is most commonly used as the opporsit of a virtual world but can also be used to contrast fiction, dreams, movies, and TV. (Linda Krecker)

- RSS -

- salience -

- screencast -

- Second Life - ( //**SL**//) is a virtual world that allows 'residents' to interact with each other and build virtual objects. Interactions can be social, educational or for business. There is also a Teen Second Life where only users aged 13-17 may exist. (Linda Krecker) - semantic web -

- semiotic domain -

- Skype -

- Sloodle -

- social bookmarking -

- social networking -

- social semiotics -

- synchronous communication -

- tagging -

- Talker - A form of online virtual world in which multiple users are connected at the same time to chat in real-time. People log into the talkers remotely, and have a basic text interface with which to communicate with each other. (Linda Krecker)

- Tapscott, Don -

- terabyte - is a measurement unit of data typically defining space or capacity on a data storage device like a hard drive. A terabyte or TB is eqaul to 1000 gigabytes (GB). 1 GB is equal to 1000 megabytes (MB). 1 MB is equal to 1000 kilobytes. 1 TB is quite large comparatively (jpr- 3/10/2020)

- teraflop -

- text talk - This implements shortened versions of phrases using only certain letters or symbols to express oneself while chatting online or with a cell phone. Examples: LOL is Laugh Out Loud, R U is Are you?, and OMG is Oh My God. (Valerie Killpack 2/27/10)

- tiny URL -

- TPACK -

- transmediation -

- Tumblr -

- tweet -A tweet is a post or status update on [|Twitter], a microblogging service. Because Twitter only allows messages of 140 characters or less, "tweet" is as much a play on the size of the message as it is on the audible similarity to Twitter. [] (Jennifer Cicchini)

- 21st century skills -

- Twitter -

- ubiquitous computing -

- URL -

- van Leeuwen, Theo -

- virtual school -

- virus -

- visual literacy -

- VLE -

- vodcast -

- Voicethread -

- VoIP - Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows you to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line. VoIP services convert your voice into a digital signal that travels over the Internet. http://www.fcc.gov/voip/ (Stephanie Raab-Faber 2/15/10)

- web 2.0 -

- web 3.0 -

- web conference -

- webinar - A **webinar** is a [|neologism] to describe a specific type of web conference. It is typically one-way,[|[1]] from the speaker to the audience with limited audience interaction, such as in a [|webcast]. A webinar can be collaborative[|[1]] and include polling and question & answer sessions to allow full participation between the audience and the presenter. In some cases, the presenter may speak over a standard telephone line, while pointing out information being presented onscreen, and the audience can respond over their own telephones, speaker phones allowing the greatest comfort and convenience. There are web conferencing technologies on the market that have incorporated the use of VoIP audio technology, to allow for a completely web-based communication. Depending upon the provider, webinars may provide hidden or anonymous participant functionality, making participants unaware of other participants in the same meeting. Darryl Bryant

- whiteboard -

- widget -

- worm -

- Zuckerberg, Mark - He is the co-founder of the social media site Facebook. According to Wikipedia, he developed Facebook with Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo Saverin, and Chris Hughes while they were students at Harvard. According to Forbes Magazine he is one of the United States youngest billionaires. He grew up in Dobbs Ferry New York and attended Phillips Exeter Academy. According to his bio he has been programming since middle school, and was offered a job at AOL out of high school, but chose to go to Harvard instead. [] (Monica Braine)